Netiquette: Meanings, Definitions, and Interpretations

Netiquette has several different meanings, definitions, and interpretations between people. It can either have the literal definition or it can be someone's concept of what they think it means, to me whether the person uses their definition or the literal one Is what makes them have the â€Å"Netiquette† factor on their side. As an example to my previous statements everyone has a different spectrum of what they believe Is netiquette or not, and what they use as netiquette. To me you never want to lead off an essay with â€Å"First off', it's too casual and sounds horrible.You want to draw the reader In and get them Involved, Its stuff you learn In reading and writing 101. The most Important netiquette rules are things such as, use spell check and grammar check, don't talk or type In â€Å"slang†, don't type In all â€Å"CAPS†, being fluent In your words knowing the meaning of what you type, and of course common sense. If you are trying to do a formal paper of so me sort please use common sense when It comes to everything from punctuation to spelling and not using shortcuts, such as typing in â€Å"text† etc.As far as least important netiquette rules, I don't think you can have a least important one. All in all if you want to have an impact on your audience and draw those in you can use netiquette to accomplish this. As far as â€Å"golden rules† go I believe all the netiquette rules I have mentioned above are good golden rules. People should definitely use netiquette rules when preparing papers for college or for a Job where you need to have an impact on your readers. Netiquette is a good skill to have and is valuable anywhere and with anything you do.

Analysing The Advances In Recycling Environmental Sciences Essay

History of Waste Management. Waste is classified as anything that a individual or consumer does non desire anymore, and so throws off. Five hundred old ages BC, Athens initiated the first municipal shit in a waste direction effort. Waste could merely be disposed at least one stat mi from metropolis walls. During the Middle Ages waste disposal was at the exclusive discretion of the person. By 1388, the English Parliament placed a rigorous prohibition on waste disposal in public waterways and ditches, as it started impacting the wellness of British citizens. France had a similar quandary in 1400, when the sum of refuse outside the metropolis was piled so high, it interfered with the defence of the metropolis. At this point the authoritiess of both states stepped in and false duty of the wellness and safety of their citizens. Waste direction became a precedence ( 1 ) . During the Age of Sanitation, 1840, the British authorities assigned Ministers of Sanitation to happen a solution for sewerage disposal issues, which in bend brought attending to solid waste disposal. Solid waste disposal brought away the attack of the â€Å" Destructor. † This incineration system was built in Nottingham, England, in 1874 ( 1 ) . More than ten old ages subsequently, in 1885, America introduced its first incinerator to Governor ‘s island, New York. Birth of Recycling The new incinerator could roll up fat and oils from waste merchandises, which was so reused to do soap and tapers. Old shred were recycled to do paper and these machines besides generated heat and steam. However, despite the effectivity of the incinerators, a job of ocean dumping arose. Harmonizing to Herbert Land, writer of The McGraw-Hill Recycling Handbook, this attack was both economical and acceptable. Consumers had the outlook that if the waste could non be seen, it did non affair or have an consequence on anything. It was non until post World War II that a scientific apprehension of the environment grew. With the important post-war population growing, the long-run impact of dirt and H2O pollution became an issue ( 1 ) . Finally, by 1970, the Clean Air Act was written and society was mandated by jurisprudence to take part in a cleansing agent environment. On April 22, 1970, the first Earth Day was celebrated and by 1971 Oregon passed the Bottle Bill. This was the start of the r euse / recycle method of waste direction ( 1 ) . Statisticss show that in 1980, Americans sent about 150 million dozenss of solid waste to landfills ( 4 ) . Peoples began to understand the importance of recycling. There are three grounds recycling has become of import to the wellness and wellbeing of both the environment and the people who live in it. First, and possibly most obvious, are selfless grounds – recycling has proved to protect and foster the environment. Second is the economic jussive mood associated with recycling – recycling is cheaper than solid waste remotion. Third is the legal considerations – authoritiess are publishing punishments to promote recycling ( 1 ) . Today, two decennaries later and with a planetary population growing of about two billion people, solid waste dumping on landfills have decreased by more than 50 million dozenss yearly. Benefits of Recycling Recycling takes something that is waste and makes it into something utile. Cities worldwide save 1000000s of dollars yearly by recycling alternatively of utilizing landfills. Landfills charge by the ton for waste disposal. Recent economic analysis show metropoliss generate three times more in gross per ton with recycling, as opposed to landfill disposal. Additionally, recycling besides generates six times as many occupations ( 5 ) . A survey conducted in St. Louis proved that recycling generates 16,000 occupations and more than $ 4 Billion yearly. Recycling utilizations fewer natural resources – without recycling, new merchandises have to be made, which uses and depletes these resources. In most instances, recycling besides reduces energy usage and costs. Recycling steel is cheaper than excavation for Fe ore, polishing it and doing a new merchandise. With plastics, nevertheless, it is cheaper to fabricate than to recycle. Recycling besides reduces pollution. Landfills are nesting evidences where chemicals blend and create toxic gases which contaminate land H2O supplies. This toxic procedure is called leachate. Wet refuse that decomposes without air gives of potent nursery gases methane and azotic oxide. More than half of waste stuffs at landfills are composed of organic solid waste ( wet refuse ) . Consumers today take more than 100 million dozenss of waste to landfills yearly. Recycling diverts about 32 per centum of that waste off from landfills, which equates to about 60 million dozenss less solid waste ( 4 ) . Pre- and Post Consumer Waste Pre consumer waste is waste that is reintroduced to the fabrication procedure without being used by a consumer. This would be faulty aluminium tins or paper fixingss from a mill. Post consumer waste is waste that has been used by the consumer, has fulfilled its intended intent, and is discarded for refuse or recycling. Post consumer recycled fibre ( PCF ) is a stuff made as a consequence of recycling station consumer waste ( 13 ) . Recycled points frequently have residue of other stuffs in it, for case, recycled paper may hold hints of ink. When the recycled merchandise is cheaper or weaker than the original station consumer waste, it is called down-cycling. When that recycled merchandise is superior to the original, it is called up-cycling ( 4 ) . Plastics and Polymers Harmonizing to the Environmental Protection Agency, plastics make up fifth part of all waste and recycling of plastics has increased in the past 20 old ages. Merely 3.5 per centum of all plastics are recycled, compared to 34 per centum of paper, 30 per centum of metal and 22 per centum of glass. These statistics are attributed to the fact that plastics are harder to roll up, since they are bulky, and they have to travel through a more time-consuming hand-sorting procedure. Seventy five billion lbs of plastic is produced yearly in the United States, most of which ends up on landfills. Additionally, plastics take up to 30 old ages to break up ( 7 ) . Plastics consist of a battalion of rosins and polymers, each with different utilizations. Polymers, derived from Grecian ‘poly ‘ ( many ) and ‘meros ‘ ( parts or units ) , are long ironss of molecules. Harmonizing to Dr. Ahmad Lotfi, senior lector at School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, ‘All plastics are polymers, but non all polymers are fictile. † Since polymers are non utile standing entirely, colorants and additives are added to it to do utile stuffs. Polymers are divided into two classs: thermosplastic polymers and thermoset polymers. The former can be heated and formed over and over once more. The latter undergoes a chemical alteration one time heated, making a 3-dimensional web. They can merely digest the warming procedure one time and can non be changed more than one time. Most plastics fall into the class of thermoset polymers and can digest merely one reuse ( 7 ) . Milk jugs are recycled to plastic for usage in t imber, alternatively of wood or steel, every bit good as playthings. Soda bottles are recycled and used as polyester rug or polyester terephthalate ( PET ) . PET is produced when the plastics go through a thorough procedure imposed by the Federal Drug and Food Administration, and one time converted to rug fibres ; PET polyester proves to bring forth more vivacious colourss and a greater opposition to discolorations ( 14 ) . PET is besides used for paintbrush bristles, drink containers and fiber stuffing for kiping bags and ski jackets. Additionally, it has merely been released that the U.S. World Cup association football New Jerseies will be made from recycled plastic bottles ( 11 ) . Most late, PET, made from 100 percent post-consumer flake, has been manufactured for polyester strapping. EREMA High tech Recycling has been the precursor in this procedure. The company states PET polyester strapping is stronger than its metal opposite number, and provides more snap which makes for effectual daze soaking up. The consequence is packaged goods remain integral through the full transportation procedure. Other benefits of PET strapping in contrast to steel, is that it wo n't corrode and has more rounded borders, which maintains the unity of the merchandise being shipped, every bit good as reduced hurts to PET strapping animal trainers. Production of PET strapping proves more cost-efficient than fabricating steel strapping and outperforms steel in its O degrees ( 14 ) . Additionally, Ohio based company, Advanced Recycled Plastic, recycles clay flaps into gum elastic mulch. The benefits are amazing and no negative has yet been found. Rubber mulch in comparing to wood mulch wo n't rinse off or disintegrate. It stays in topographic point and H2O can flux freely through the recycled gum elastic. Wood mulch need to be replaced every other twelvemonth, but rubber mulch stopping points for up to five old ages. Last, rubber mulch wo n't decompose or model, does non pull insects, and is non-toxic and odor free. It is besides cost effectual and odor-free ( 17 ) . Aluminum Aluminum tins have value. Research conducted in 2008 by Norman Crampton, states that an empty can is deserving two cents at the local bit pace. It is the lone family solid waste that pays for itself through the recycling procedure. A instance of 24 tins has a pecuniary value of 50 cents one time recycled. Crampton besides proved that one, post-consumer aluminium can, can be â€Å" re-melted, refashion, refilled and back on the shelf within 60 yearss, † ( 2 ) . The aluminium recycling procedure requires merely five per centum of the entire electric power it would take to do the can trade name new. Therefore, less power emits less C dioxide. Unlike fictile waste, tins are hence recycled to go the same thing they were before recycling. Cans are besides frequently up-cycled to fabricate new, eco-friendly furniture ( 4 ) . Jean Denim is recycled and reused as natural cotton fibre insularity. The insularity is besides 100 per centum recyclable. The insularity is made of 85 per centum station industrial jean cotton ( button and slide fasteners removed ) and 10 per centum boron-based fire retardent. Boron is a low toxic, natural mineral mined in California. Not merely is this insularity fire-safe, it besides slows the growing of fungus and casts and contains no thorns. With Ultra Touch, the aforesaid all-natural insularity, industry criterions have risen and ECO friendly constructing methods have become popular in new building. Leadership Energy and Environmental Design ( LEED ) is such an illustration. LEED has been named First Voluntary National Green Building Standard for extremely effectual, good maintained edifices ( 12 ) . LEED besides works hand-in-hand with Habitat for Humanity by providing insularity for new building. There are three recycled jean insularity makers in the universe ; Bonded Logic and Hickory Springs in the U.S. and Recovery Insulation Ltd in the United Kingdom. Recycled jean in the United Kingdom is besides used to do places. On the web site recycleyourjeans.com, one can subject an old brace of jean pants, pick out a shoe form and size, and have a usage brace of places made. All other stuffs on the places i.e. buckle and colloidal suspensions are besides recycled ( 15 ) . Tires Research conducted by Waste and Resources Programme ( WRAP ) in the United Kingdom, show that tyres can be recycled into roofing tiles. Recycling the tyres alternatively of disposing of it at a landfill will salvage 1000000s of dollars yearly ( 10 ) . Shoe maker, Simple Shoes, recycle auto tyres and so utilize it on the colloidal suspensions of their places. Not merely are the places lasting, and is the merchandise eco-friendly, production costs are drastically reduced. In add-on to the recycled gum elastic colloidal suspensions, the remainder of the places are besides made out of 100 per centum recycled stuffs, including hemp, paper, plastics and bamboo. They besides package their places in 100 per centum recycled, 100 per centum biodegradable carton boxes. In 2007 the company won the first of all time Footwear Plus green Award. Glass Glass recycling is more clip devouring than aluminium, jean and tyre recycling, as the bottles have to be separated by chemical composing and colour. Typically there are three classs for glass colourss: clear, for nutrient, drink, vino and spirits bottles ; green glass, for vino and beer bottles ; and brown glass, for beer and spirits bottles ( 16 ) . Due to the mass and substance of glass, it makes up a big portion of station consumer waste. Besides, other glass points such as visible radiation bulbs, imbibing spectacless and decorations are factored into to glaze equation. For every ton of glass recycled into new points, about 700 lbs of C dioxide is saved from being released into the ambiance. Similar to paper and tins, glass can be recycled to go the same thing it was before going station consumer waste. Recycling Procedures There are four types of recycling procedures considered ; primary, secondary, third and quaternate. Primary recycling uses stuffs that maintain similar characteristics of the original manufactured goods, like glass. Secondary recycling is less rigorous. It will utilize stuffs which can replace as something else. For case, it may utilize plastics to fabricate fencing stations which are typically made from wood or metal. Third recycling uses stuffs to do something wholly different from the original. An illustration would be utilizing fictile to do chemicals and fuels. Quaternate recycling converts plastic into energy through firing it. It is the most popular of all types of recycling due to the high heat content of plastic. Forms of Recycling In order to actuate consumers to recycle, assorted stairss have been put into topographic point to do the procedure more user-friendly. There are four popular recycling methods ; curbside, slump centres, redemption centres and sedimentation refund. Curbside makes it the duty of the consumer to screen recyclables and set it on the kerb where the metropolis will pick it up and administer to the appropriate recycling centres. Slump centres urge the consumer to present risky stuffs, like pigment, to denominate recycling centres. Buyback centres pay householders for big contraptions that they wish to recycle or recycle. Deposit refund motivates consumers to return an empty bottle to them for a refund, alternatively of throwing it in a trashcan ( 5 ) . Presently, the U.S. recycles approximately 30 per centum of all solid waste. European states like Austria and Germany recycle between 40- and 60 per centum of all their solid waste. Recycling Concluded Datas collected from different continents during different clip periods show that solid waste disposal can fleetly turn to go a job of wellness, environmental impairment and economical strain. Although solid waste direction provides some alleviation, the job of spliting landfills and unmanageable dirt taint pose a job. Manufacturing new goods quickly depletes already deteriorating natural resources. Population growing is inevitable and in order for future coevalss to populate happy and healthy lives, a solution to pollution is pressing. Recycling does merely that. It offers an ECO friendly, cost effectual declaration to many of the trials we face. With progresss in engineering and scientific discipline, world has developed a manner to recycle station consumer waste. Everyday points can, with small money and small hazard to the environment, be recycled to be used once more. New merchandises can be manufactured from old stuffs. For about any post-consumer merchandise, there is a new po ssibility in sight. This procedure of reuse, recycle, has proved to salvage states and metropoliss one million millions of dollars. Landfills are going smaller, which in bend lessens the menace of dirt taint and eventual wellness deductions for people. Natural resources like trees have a alteration to turn and in bend, woods are replenished. Recycling lessens the emanation of harmful gases typically associated with fabricating new merchandises. These these stairss work in concurrence to continue natural resources, and guarantee a healthy and clean Earth.

Modify the essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modify the - Essay Example source of labor for outsourced products, which may as well mean that we are advocating for child labor by promoting companies that outsource indiscriminately. Because Child labor and death of children in factory fires abroad is directly linked to outsourcing, which promotes employment of cheap labor for reduced costs. The morality behind having child labor laws enforced in our nation while giving a blind eye to plight of children in our business partners’ nations is questionable as well as illogical. The author’s claim is very effective in that the laws against child labor in the country do not touch on imports allegedly produced through child labor in countries. Weber’s article is evidence of illegal employment of child labor in textile manufacturing companies to warrant the issue of outsourcing as unethical even bordering on illegal. The first fact is the fire of 1911 that engulfed the Asch Building, which housed the Triangle Waist Company. The author records that fresh immigrant teenage girls were employed in the company to manufacture shirtwaists for women. In the May 10, 1993 fire that razed down Kader Industrial Toy Company in Thailand, most of the dead workers were described as being teenage girls. She uses this evidence and support to highlight the plight of children especially in third world countries who usually go unaccounted for in the event of fires at the factories. The precarious working conditions make the situations worse especially for underage workers who are most likely to die in the event of such fires. Weber’s claim is quite effective as she brings factual evidence by citing previous incidents where childr en formed the majority of workers who succumbed to fire break outs in various companies in developing nations. Using real examples brings the author’s claims in touch with reality, thus drilling some sense into the minds of readers. Weber still give evidence that the children working in textile factories are kept as a secret and

The Political Economy of European Integration Essay

The Political Economy of European Integration - Essay Example To start with, we must define the objective that has spurred the nature of economic integration. The primary objective of having or creating a (regional) economic integration is for the said union to form an agreement among its member countries to reduce and remove tariff and non-tariff trade barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and factors of production (i.e. labor, capital and entrepreneur); and also, to attempt to achieve economic gains from the free flow of trade and investment between its neighboring countries. The EU as an organization is comprised of independent European countries whose sole, main objectives are economic and social progress for the European region and its people. That is why they have long-planned on engineering an economic integration program in an attempt to converge all the European regions in order to meet and implement the objectives of the formed union so as to provide a much better living and working environment for its people - the Europeans (Going for Growth, 2003). Economic integration for Europe has definitely brought convergence to this continental region. Since its foundation, the EU had gone through three legal stages for it to achieve its economic objectives, these stages were: the creation of the customs union, 1958-1985, the single market 1985-1992, and the economic and monetary union 1992-present (Hitiris, 2003). Initially, as a customs union, it removed different barriers in trading between member countries of the EC and adopted a common external trade policy in which individual state governments no longer has to determine or make their own external trade policy anymore. Then the Single European Act or the single market implemented in 1987 allowed factors of production particularly labour, capital, and entrepreneurs to move freely from one member country to another. And after a few years, the EU started to launch its full economic objectives by implementing the economic and monetary union policy to its region; through this, it paved the way to the removal of the remaining obstacle to cross border investments. And also, one of the most highlighted criterions made in this final treaty was granting the citizenship of the union - everyone with a nationality of any member country becomes an automatic citizen of the union, giving its people all the rights to move and reside freely among the union' s member countries. With all of these mentioned and guided by the democratic principles of the union, the EU has definitely succeeded in converging its member countries into becoming a prosperous European economic region of the twenty-first century that is continuously grow year by year in terms of economic figures and admitting more and more European countries into the union; and currently, is even ranking second in the growth of world economies next to the United States and preceding Japan. However, it is also important to take stock of the fact that the success or failure of an economic integration depends primarily on its objectives. Therefore, a previously independent country participating in an economic union - converging its economy to other member countries by sacrificing a part of its national sovereignty can only be justified if the union is able to achieve its

Analysis on how healthcare is delivered in the United States as Essay

Analysis on how healthcare is delivered in the United States as compared to how healthcare is delivered in three other countries - Essay Example to healthcare delivery in United Kingdom (National Health System/Service), the Netherlands (Socialized Health Insurance), and Canada (National Health Insurance). The United States is a capitalist nation and this has been transferred to healthcare delivery, i.e., the patient has to pay for the service as they receive it from the doctor. According to Tanner (2008), this is an indicator that healthcare in the U.S is private-based with an estimated 85% of the population covered by insurance plans. Private companies exist in the U.S to provide health insurance where clients pay monthly fee for insurance and the company pays the client’s doctor for services rendered. Clients pay according to the risk they are willing to insure; thus, if a client pays more for an expense, then the company will charge less for the insurance and vice versa (Tanner, 2008). Most employers in the U.S pay for worker’s insurance which is considered as an employment benefit that adds up to the employee’s salary. However, few Americans can pay for their own insurance owing to high cost relative to their income. Another insurance provider is the government itself as it allocates considerable funds from the budget to healthcare programs. In addition, Tanner (2008) asserts that those who are not insured as a result of poverty receive medical cover via Medicaid which is funded by both the federal and state taxes. On the other hand, the aged and children receive medical cover via Medicare which is funded by taxes from federal income. Of all the developed countries, the U.S is believed to have the highest medical expenses (Tanner, 2008). This is another capitalist country which applies the fee-for-service system of medical delivery only that the administration of the plan is done by government entities (Tanner, 2008). This system sees the healthcare services of the country covered universally and coverage for all citizens is achieved for all ten provinces. In Canada, Tanner (2008) reveals that

Management of change - Organisational Environment Essay

Management of change - Organisational Environment - Essay Example From that humble, but enterprising start ("With two routs and two planes, they carried 82 passengers in one year"), Michael O'Leary, its CEO, under whom it underwent an organisational change that took it to unbelievably dizzy heights with the following fantastic growth rate: "Not only are there different types of change, which manifest themselves in different organisations, change also appears differently at different levels of an organisation and in its various functions," Senior (2002, p. 57). Michael O'Leary adopted 'low fares, no frills' policy and in 10 years, Ryanair had carried 2.25 million passengers and was voted Best Managed National Airline by International Aviation Week Magazine. It launched its own website and sold tickets directly to passengers monopolising 95% of the total bookings. It can be conceptualised as Mintzberg's Entrepreneurial Organisational form. "..tends to be low in formalisation and standardisation, but high in centralisation with authority localised in a single person," Senior (p. 103). In 2004, it recorded its first loss of 3.3 million and O'Leary warned of a 'bloodbath' out of which only 2 or 3 airlines would emerge winners, assuming Ryanair would be the first one. Now with more countries in EU, Ryanair has cut its losses and looking upwards again, with EasyJet, Air Berlin, Germanwings, Translavia as its main competitors. It remains one of the most controversial companies, praised and criticised in equal measure for populism, challenging the 'establishment' within the airline industry, deceptive advertisements, trade union policies, and stubborn ways reflecting O'Leary personality. It is also accused of poor treatment to passengers, refusing to provide accommodation or meal vouchers when flights are cancelled, for poorly treating disabled passengers, ill treating its employees, flying into smaller airports away from the cities, for vicious attacks on opponents (Mary O'Rourke - Conflict of Organisations and Ryanair has to deal with many Governmental authorities as in Interdependence concept), offensive in-house advertising, and for its old second-hand airliners. It receives subsidies from European airports and EC believes that this is against EU competition laws. Whatever the criticisms are, Ryanair has proved to be a management and business marvel with its never-say-die grit. Its concept can be connected with Power Pricing: "Power pricing attempts the impossible, namely to increase profit and value simultaneously," www.wirtschaft.uni- kassel.de/marketing/downloads/Interview.pdf The European Management Journal, Vol.19, No.5, pp. 472-480, October 2001. Its strategic interaction flourishes on the perpetually alert Strategic Management, focussing on Price competition amongst low cost carriers. Ryanair is definitely not a prisoner of circumstances and has shown immense capability to rise above every hostile situation. It has to look for sometimes rude, to keep its expenses low and that could draw flak. Its main wealth is the remarkable leadership provided by O'Leary, based on Leadership qualities of Management, especially that of Directive leadership. "The

Learning to swim at the age of 15 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning to swim at the age of 15 - Essay Example It was on a rampage to literally swallow me and end the basis of my life. Terrified, I buried my sharp, long nails into the back of my friend’s neck attempting to hold on, but when we thumped into the wet surface, the vicious coerce tore me away and inundated me into the deep, bleak, blue water. At that instant, a stream spurted rapidly up my nose and I began to dread. In the aspiration of reaching the surface, I hastily kicked my legs like a tantrum-throwing two-year infant. Regrettably, every time my head dashed up, the water immediately hauled me back down. I then had nothing else to do but wait for all I could. Seconds later, I caught a glimpse of my friend pacing towards my course. He withdrew me from the aqueous tank and expressed regret for what had happened by then. Then, I confessed that I was fifteen years old and did not know how to swim. I had made up my mind to learn how to swim. Period. Clock struck two o’clock – it was Thursday afternoon, my swim classes at the YMCA commenced. Pacing towards the building, I swiftly halted when I saw my classmates there. It shocked me in entirety. Neither of the swim class attendees looked more than eight years old nor was their physique disproportional with their age group. I nonchalantly entered the water, whilst attempting to blend in, but within seconds, the seven elf-sized heads turned to look at me. I did not know what to do at that point in time. For all the goodness that could have happened then, the instructor arrived and started the class. We embarked by learning how to cup our hands and rotate our arms. She even described the basis of our arms pretending to be made like the bus’ wheels that go â€Å"round and round.† Afterwards, she demonstrated to us as to how to place our bodies before diving as she held her hands above her head, palms touching, and her arms touched her ears all this while. She also gave us kicking advice in order to move quicker. She told us to do small quick kicks without

How to Write a Good Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How to Write a Good Paper - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that when writing a good research paper, you, as the author, must first do the research. You need to consider the topic that you want to discuss and decide your stance on that topic. Do you agree or disagree with what it is saying? This is important to know because you are trying to convince your audience of your position by providing them with this paper. The research will allow you to back up your argument, letting your audience see the evidence you have to support your claim. Once you have your resources and the basis of your paper, it is best to write an outline. This will allow you to stay on track when writing your paper and to keep your ideas and facts organized. It will also help you to flesh out your ideas even more, in the case you want to dwell a bit more on certain aspects of your argument. A good thesis statement states quite clearly the purpose of the paper. In one or two sentences, you prepare your audience for what the topic of your paper is; this is what will grasp their attention, letting them know upfront if the paper is something that would interest them. The thesis statement sets up the rest of the paper, whether it is presenting an argument, a claim, or a stance that you take on a certain subject. It acts like "a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper." Following your thesis statement, you should briefly sum up the rest of your paper in a paragraph.

Modernization of NTUC Income Essay Example for Free

Modernization of NTUC Income Essay 1.)  WHAT WERE THE PROBLEMS FACED BY INCOME IN THIS CASE? HOW WERE THE PROBLEMS SOLVED BY THENEW DIGITAL SYSTEM? Income ·s insurance processes were very tedious and paper-based. This resulted to humongousIncome also experienced frequent breakdown of the HP 3000 mainframe which hosted the coreinsurance applications and the accounting and management information systems. In addition tothis, HP 3000 back-up system only allowed restoration to the previous day ·s back-up data.Hardware failures caused six days of complete downtime. COBOL programs also encounteredfrequent breakdowns that halted the systems and caused temporary interruptions. At the sametime, development of new products using the COBOL is quite cumbersome and took weeks, evenmonths, to accomplish. They also lost opportunities to cross-sell because transaction processingfor policy underwriting was still a batch process and information is not available to agents andadvisors in real-time. Through the new digital systems, these problems were addressed. The paper-based insurance processes were replaced by a paperless platform. Under the new system, alldocuments are scanned and stored on  ´trusted µ storage devices. Frequent breakdowns wereaddressed by the high-availability platform. Multiple servers are hosted and connected to morecommunication lines that are  ´load balanced µ. The new system also addressed downtimes dueto breakdowns by its hot back-up disaster-recovery centers. The new digital system alsoaddressed the slow development of new products by COBOL through the straight throughprocessing workflow capabilities of the new system. 2.) WHAT TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES WERE USED BY INCOME BEFORE MIGRATINGTO THE FULLY DIGITAL SYSTEM? The insurance process of Income was very manual and paper/file intensive. Filled-up applicationforms of clients were sent by agents through courier. Their collection schedule causes delays oftwo to three days. The Office Services log, sort, and send documents to underwriting. Proposalswere allocated to staff randomly. No system was in place for proper assignment of tasks per staff.Voluminous documents are manually sorted and stored by a number of staff at their warehouse.Since there was no clear document management system, retrieval of documents take days toaccomplish. Income also made use of HP 3000 mainframes which were very unreliable due tofrequent breakdowns that resulted to downtime, decreased productivity and wasted manpower hours. COBOL programs were also used which also encountered technical failures. At the sametime, COBOL programs were very slow in developing new products for the company resulting tolost sale opportunities. 3.) DESCRIBE THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND IT INFRASTRUCTURE AT INCOME AFTER MIGRATING TO THE FULLY DIGITALSYSTEM. According to James Kang, CIO of Income, the Java based eBao LifeSystem from eBaoTechnology is very customer-centric. It provided seamless integration with imaging and bar codetechnology. It also contains a product definition module that supports new products, newchannels and changes in business process. Data migration of Income ·s individual and groupbusinesses was successfully implemented and customized. The new system was operational onhigh-quality platform with multiple servers and communication lines. The new system alsorevamped business continuity and the company ·s disaster recovery plan. A real-time hot back-updisaster recovery center was implemented. Business processes went from paper intensive to  paperless through digital storage and records. Many users can access the system at one time,any time, and anywhere. 4.) WHAT BENEFITS DID INCOME REAP FROM THE NEW SYSTEM? The robust architecture of the servers minimized downtime occurrence. This is made possible withthe use of two or more servers connected by two or more communication lines. Income alsoreduced and eventually eliminated the use of paper. Under the new system, all documents werescanned and stored on  ´trusted µ storage devices  ² secured, reliable digital vaults that enabledstrict compliance with stringent statutory requirements. Staff members also enjoyed faster accessto information. With the use of the straight through processing workflow capabilities of the newsystem, Income saved as much as 50 percent on time and costs in processing policies. Time indesigning and launching new products were also reduced from weeks to days using the table-driven-rule-based product-definition module. 5.) HOW WELL IS INCOME PREPARED FOR THE FUTURE? ARE THE PROBLEMS DESCRIBED IN THE CASE LIKELY TO BEREPEATED? In the insurance industry, information systems are very important in ensuring product and services ·competitiveness. Customer queries should be addressed accurately and promptly. Productsshould be constantly improved and new designs should always be made available. With the newinformation system, Income is now equipped to face the challenges of the industry. To ensure thesuccess of the new system, proper implementation and control should be done. Continuoustraining should be given to the staff to ensure proper use of the system and to maximize thepotential of the system. The system should also be continuously improved through the proper management of feedback from  users. Upgrades should also be done periodically to cope withthe changes in the demand of the industry and the market.

Determine Domain and Range Essay Example for Free

Determine Domain and Range Essay the graph by going to the graph window, clicking on File, scrolling down to copy to clipboard and clicking on copy to clipboard. In your opened Word document click on Edit/Paste. Below the pasted graph, answer the following questions. Express your answer using inequalities or interval notation. (1) What is the domain of ? The domain of is the set of all real numbers. (-? , +? ) (2) What is the range of ? The range of is the set of all real numbers greater or equal to zero ( ). [0, +? ) B. On the same graph in Winplot, repeat the procedure above for a new function and add the graph to the previous graph. Copy and paste the new graph into the Word document. Below the new graph, answer the questions below. Express your answer using inequalities or interval notation. (1) What is the domain of ? The domain of is the set of all real numbers. (-? , +? ) (2) What is the range of ? The range of is the set of all real numbers greater or equal to two ( ). [2, +? ) C. Again, on the same graph in Winplot that contains the other two functions, graph a third function . Copy and paste the graph into the Word document. Below the graph answer the questions below. Express your answer using inequalities or interval notation. (1) What is the domain of ? The domain of is the set of all real numbers. (-? , +? ) (2) What is the range of ? The range of is the set of all real numbers greater or equal to minus three ( ). [-3, +? ) D. By observing the answers you have submitted for parts A, B, and C, make a general statement about the domain and range for a function of the type: , for a 0 and also for a 0. The domain of is the set of all real numbers. (-? , +? ) The range of is the set of all real numbers greater or equal to a ( ). [a, +? ) 2. Graphing a Linear Function A. Use Winplot to graph the following linear functions on the same graph. See problem one for how to graph in Winplot and paste the graphs into Word. Copy and paste the graph into the Word document. Below the graph answer the questions shown below. (1) Of the three equations, which has the steeper graph? What is its slope? Of the three equations, has the steeper graph. The slope of is 7/4. (2) What point do all three lines have in common? (Express as an ordered pair. ) All three lines have point (0, 0) in common. B. Use Winplot to graph the following three linear functions on the same graph. Copy and paste the graph into the Word document. Below the graph answer the questions shown below. (1) Compare the graph of the first equation to those of the other two equations. What effect does adding the +1 (second equation) and then the -2 (third equation) have on their graphs as compared to the original graph (first equation )? The graph of equation is parallel to graph of equations and . Adding the +1 to the original graph of , moves graph up by 1 unit. Adding the -1 to the original graph of , moves graph down by 2 unit. (2) Complete the following sentence: The word which best describes the three lines in the graph is _Parallel__. (choose one: perpendicular, intersecting, or parallel. ) (3) What is the slope of each of the three lines? The slope of each of the three lines is ?. (4) What is the y-intercept for each line, respectively? Give the ordered pair for each. The y-intercept for lines , , and are (0,0), (0,1), and (0, -2), respectively. C. Using Winplot, graph the functions y = 3 and y = | x | on the same graph. Copy and paste the graph into the Word document. Below the graph answer the questions shown below. (Enter y = abs(x) into Winplot to graph the second equation). (1) Describe the shape of the graph y = | x |. The shape of the graph is similar to ‘V’. Since y = |x|, therefore the value of y will be always positive and the graph will be represented by equations of two line that forms ‘V’ shape at (0,0). (2) What orientation (horizontal or vertical) does the line y = 3 have? The line y = 3 have horizontal orientation. (3) List the ordered pairs of the 3 points which form a triangle in the picture, (-3, 3), (0,0), and (3,3) (4) Using the formula A = ? bh, what is the area of the triangle pictured? A = (1/2)bh = (1/2)*6*3 = 9 square units. 3. Match the Graph of a Function with its Equation A. Copy and paste all six graphs shown below into your Word document. Label each graph with the appropriate equation from the following list. Use Winplot to help determine the correct match of equation to the given graph.

Polymeric Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery

Polymeric Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Abstract TO DRUG TARGET For the past few decades, there has been a respectable exploration interest in the territory of drug conveyance utilizing particulate conveyance frameworks as transporters for little and huge particles. Particulate frameworks like nanoparticles have been utilized as a physical methodology to adjust and enhance the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of different sorts of drug particles. They have been utilized within vivo to secure the drug element in the systemic course, confine access of the medication to the picked destinations and to convey the drug at a regulated and managed rate to the site of activity. Different polymers have been utilized within the detailing of nanoparticles for drug conveyance exploration to expand helpful profit, while minimizing side impacts. Here, we survey different parts of nanoparticle plan, characterization, impact of their attributes and their requisitions in conveyance of medication atoms and restorative genes. Introduction for reflective statement The utilization of nanotechnology in medicine and all the more particularly drug conveyance is situated to spread quickly. At present numerous substances are under examination for drug conveyance and all the more particularly for growth help. Interestingly pharmaceutical sciences are utilizing nanoparticles to diminish lethality and symptoms of medications and up to as of late finished not understand that transport system themselves may force dangers to the patient. The sort of perils that are presented by utilizing nanoparticles for medication conveyance are past that postured by traditional dangers forced by chemicals in established conveyance frameworks. For nanoparticles the information on molecule danger as got in inward breath lethality demonstrates to the way industry standards to explore the potential perils of nanoparticles. The toxicology of particulate matter varies from toxicology of substances as the forming chemical(s) could conceivably be dissolvable in living lattices , therefore impacting incredibly the potential introduction of different inward organs. Then again, retained species might likewise impact the potential lethality of the breathed in particles. Discussion For nanoparticles the circumstances is distinctive as their size opens the potential for intersection the different living hindrances inside the constitution. From a positive perspective, particularly the possibility to cross the blood mind hindrance may open new routes for medication conveyance into the cerebrum. Whats more, the nanosize likewise takes into consideration access into the cell and different cell compartments including the core. An incalculable number of substances are at present under examination for the arrangement of nanoparticles for drug conveyance, fluctuating from organic substances like egg whites, gelatin and phospholipids for liposome’s, and moresubstances of a chemical nature like different polymers and strong metal holding nanoparticles. It is evident that the potential collaboration with tissues and cells, and the potential harmfulness, incredibly relies on upon the genuine arrangement of the nanoparticle definition. This paper gives a review on a p ortion of the as of now utilized frameworks for medication conveyance. In addition the potential useful utilize additionally consideration is attracted to the inquiries how we ought to continue with the security assessment of the nanoparticle plans for medication conveyance. For such testing the lessons gained from molecule lethality as connected in particle toxicology may be useful. In spite of the fact that for pharmaceutical utilize the current prerequisites appear to be satisfactory to identify a large portion of the antagonistic impacts of nanoparticle definitions, it cannot be normal that all parts of nanoparticle toxicology will be distinguished. Thus, likely extra more particular testing might be required. Later years have seen exceptional development of exploration and provisions in the territory of nanoscience and nanotechnology. There is expanding confidence that nanotechnology, as connected to drug, will acquire critical developments the determination and medicine of malady. Designed nanoparticles are a critical device to understand various these provisions. It must be distinguished that not all particles utilized for therapeutic purposes go along to the as of late proposed and now by and large acknowledged meaning of a size ≠¤100 nm.however, numerous tests must be overcome if the provision of nanotechnology is to understand the expected enhanced comprehension of the patho-physiological premise of illness, carry more refined analytic chances, and yield enhanced thereapies. Toxicological dangers of nanoparticles To utilize the potential of Nanotechnology within Nanomedicine, full consideration is required to security and toxicological issues. For pharmaceuticals particular medication conveyance details may be utilized to build the alleged helpful proportion or record being the edge between the measurement required for clinical viability and the dosage prompting side effects ( (lethality). Notwithstanding, additionally for these particular details a toxicological assessment is required. This is especially valid for the provisions of nanoparticles for drug conveyance. Medicinal necessity For medicinal purpose certain routine measures requirement to be performed which will hang on to various potential dangers. In any case, it might be expected that not all dangers are at this minute known for the utilization of nanoparticles. Advantages Nanoparticle-based drug conveyance frameworks have extensive potential for medication of tuberculosis (TB). The essential mechanical favorable circumstances of nanoparticles utilized as medication bearers are high stability, high transport limit, achievability of fuse of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, and possibility of variable courses of organization, including oral provision and inhalation. Nanoparticles can likewise be intended to permit regulated (supported) drug discharge from the network. These properties of nanoparticles empower change of drug bioavailability and decrease of the dosing recurrence, and may resolve the issue of nonadherence to endorsed help, which is one of the significant deterrents in the control of TB scourges. The accompanying are around the essential innovative points of interest of nanoparticles as medication transporters: high security (i.e., long timeframe of realistic usability); high bearer limit (i.e., numerous pill particles could be c onsolidated in the molecule grid); attainability of fuse of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances; and practicality of variable courses of organization, including oral organization and inward breath. These bearers can likewise be intended to empower regulated (supported) pill discharge from the matrix.the conduct of polymeric nanoparticles in the gastrointestinal tract is affected by their bioadhesive properties; grip of nanoparticles to the mucosa upgrades the retention of the copartnered medication, hence expanding its bioavailability. Consequently, lectins have been indicated to enhance mucoadhesion of the pill because of the biorecognition of the lectin-united transporters by glycosylated structures in the intestine.their significant focal points, for example, change of medication bioavailability and lessening of the dosing recurrence, may make a sound support for better administration of the malady, making specifically watched medicine more pragmatic and moderate. An alte rnate significant focal point of the nanoparticles is the plausibility of the adaptable courses of pill organization, including oral and inward breath courses. Furthermore, high soundness of the nanoparticles proposes long time span of usability. It could be normal that future examination will focus on the improvement of the vectorized conveyance frameworks consolidating preferences of the colloidal bearers, for example, expansive payloads of a medication, with animated focusing to the spoiling destinations. Conclusion The achievement of this innovation will likely rely on upon toxicological issues connected with comprehension of the destiny of nanocarriers and their polymeric constituents in the physique, and end of the danger of the remaining natural solvents. In this admiration, the likelihood of utilizing pill bearers produced out of characteristic polymers (e.g., chitosan or alginate) speaks to a magnetic point of view. The utilization of Nanotechnology in solution and all the more particularly pill conveyance is situated to spread quickly. For a long time pharmaceutical sciences have been utilizing nanoparticles to lessen danger and symptoms of medications. Up to as of late it was not understood that these transporter frameworks themselves may force dangers to the patient. The sort of risks that are presented by utilizing nanoparticles for pill conveyance are past that postured by expected dangers forced by chemicals in conveyance networks. In any case, in this way, the experimental ideal mod el for the conceivable (unfavorable) reactivity of nanoparticles needs and we have small comprehension of the nuts and bolts of the cooperation of nanoparticles with living cells, organs and life forms. A theoretical comprehension of natural reactions to nanomaterials is required to create and apply sheltered nanomaterials in medication conveyance later on. Moreover a nearby coordinated effort between those working in pill conveyance and molecule toxicology is vital for the trade of ideas, strategies and skill to accelerate this issue. References Gelperina.S. et al. (2005). The Potential Advantages of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems in Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis.American journal of Respiratory and critical care medicine. 172(12).1487-1490). Retrieved from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2718451/ Albrecht C, Knaapen AM, Becker, et al. The crucial role of particle surface reactivity in respirable quartz induced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species formation and APE/Ref-1 induction in rat lung.Respir Res.2005;6:129. Ã…kerman ME, Chan WCW, Laakkonen P, et al. Nonocrystal targeting in vivo.PNAS.2002;99:12617–21. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Alyautdin RN, Petrov VE, Langer K, et al. Delivery of loperamide across the blood-brain barrier with polysorbate 80-coated polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles.J Pharm Res.1997;14:325–8.erican Journal of Respiratory and Critical C Bourges JL, Gautier SE, Delie F, et al. Ocular drug delivery targeting the retina and retinal pigment epithelium using polylactide nanoparticles.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.2003;44:3562–9 Medicine Borm PJ, Kreyling W. Toxicological hazards of inhaled nanoparticles – potential implications for drug delivery.J Nanosc Nanotechnol.2004;4:521–31. Borm PJ, Muller-Schulte D. Nanoparticles in drug delivery and environmental exposure: same size, same risks?Nanomedicine.2006;1:235–49. Benardi RJ, Lowery AR, Thompson PA, et al. Immunoshells for targeted photothermal ablation in medulloblastoma and glioma: an in vitro evaluation using human cell lines.J Neurooncol.2007 Sep 6;Epub ahead of print. Borm PJ. Particle toxicology: from coal mining to nanotechnology.Inhal Toxicol.2002;14:311–24. Cascone MG, Lazzeri L, Carmignani C, et al. Gelatin nanoparticles produced by a simple W/O emulsion as delivery system for methotrexate.J Mat Sc: Mat in Med.2002;13:523–6. Chen LC, Nadziejko C. Effects of subchronic exposures to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) in mice V CAPs exacerbate aortic plaque development in hyperlipidemic mice.Inhal Toxicol.2005;17:217–24. Campen MJ, McDonald JD, Gigliotti AP, et al. Cardiovascular effects of inhaled diesel exhaust in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Cardiovasc Toxicol.2003;3:353–61. Calderon-Garciduenas L, Reed W, Maronpot RR, et al. Brain inflammation and Alzheimer’s-like pathology in individuals exposed to severe air pollution.Toxicol Pathol.2004;32:650–8. Damascelli B, Patelli GL, Lanocita R, et al. A novel intraarterial chemotherapy using paclitaxel in albumin nanoparticles to treat advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: preliminary findings.Am J Roentgenol.2003;181:253–603. Donaldson K, Stone V, Tran CL, et al. Nanotoxicology.Occup Environ Med.2004;61:727–28. Duncan R. The dawning era of polymer therapeutics.Nat Rev Drug Disc.2003;2:347–60. Edetsberger M, Gaubitzer E, Valic E, et al. Detection of nanometer-sized particles in living cells using modern fluorescence fluctuation methods.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2005;332:109–16. Elder A, Gelein R, Silva V, et al. Translocation of inhaled ultrafine manganese oxide particles to the central nervous system.Environ Health Perspect.2006;114:1172–8. Ferrari M. Cancer nanotechnology: opportunities and challenges.Nat Rev Cancer.2005;5:161–71. Gibaud S, Demoy M, Andreux JP, et al. Cells involved in the capture of nanoparticles in hematopoietic organs.J Pharm Sci.1996;85:944–50. Gomes AJ, Lunardi LO, Marchetti JM, et al. Indocyanine green nanoparticles useful for photomedicine.Photomed Laser Surg.2006;24:514–21. Gupta AK, Curtis ASG. Surface modified supermagnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery: interaction studies with human firbroblasts in culture.J Mater Sci: Mat in Med.2004;15:493–6. Hoshino A, Fujioka K, Oku T, et al. Physicochemical properties and cellular toxicity of nanocrystal quantum dots depend on their surface modification.Nano Lett.2004;4:2163–9. Huang M, Khor E, Lim L-Y. Uptake and cytotoxicity of chitosan molecules and nanoparticles: effects of molecular weight and degree of deacetylation.Pharm Res.2004;21:344–53. JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food additives) Summary of Evaluations Performed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.INS 175.2001. Kawano T, Yamagata M, Takahishi H, et al. Stabilizing of plasmid DNA in vivo by PEG-modified cationic gold nanoparticles and the gene expression assisted with electrical pulses.J Control Release.2006;111:382–9. Kirchner C, Liedl T, Kudera S, et al. Cytotoxicity of colloidal CdSe and CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles.Nano Letters.2005;5:331–8. Koziara JM, Lockman PR, Allen DD, et al. Paclitaxel nanoparticles for the potential treatment of brain tumors.J Control Release.2004;99:259–69. Kreuter J. Nanoparticulate systems for brain delivery of drugs.Adv Drug Deliv Rev.2001;47:65–81. Lenaerts V, Nagelkerke JF, Van Berkel TJ, et al. In vivo uptake of polyisobutyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles by rat liver Kupffer, endothelial, and parenchymal cells.J Pharm Sci.1984;73:980–2. Lockman PR, Koziara JM, Mumper RJ, et al. Nanoparticle surface charges alter blood-brain barrier integrity and permeability.J Drug Target.2004;12:635–41. Panyam J, Zhou WZ, Prabha S, et al. Rapid endo-lysosomal escape of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles: implications for drug and gene delivery.FASEB J.2002;16:1217–26. Oberdà ¶rster G, Sharp Z, Atudorei V, et al. Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain.Inhalation Toxicol.2004;16:437–45.

A World of Freedom With Chains Attached :: essays research papers fc

Everyone has heard of the Internet and how it is going to help set the world free. The Internet is the fastest growing form of communication and is becoming more and more commonplace in the average American home. Companies these days do big business over the Internet, and online shopping has grown tremendously in the last few years. For instance, the online auction site eBay sells millions of items every year online. Many companies are making even more plans to expand their business to the Internet. Wireless, borderless communication and the uninterrupted flow of information have been promised to bring democracy, education, and culture to every corner of the world with a phone line. Unfortunately, there have been numerous attempts lately to censor the Internet in the name of â€Å"decency.† If the Net is controlled, regulated, restricted, or censored in order to keep it â€Å"clean,† it will have severe effects on its capabilities and potential. In recent years, America and other leading countries’ economies have become increasingly dependent on the need to instantly move large amounts of information across long distances. Computerization has changed everyone’s life in ways that were never before imagined. The global network of interconnected computers allows people to send electronic mail messages across the world in the blink of an eye and stay updated on world events as they happen; the world has become a much smaller place as a result of this global communication and exchange of ideas. There have also become thousands of online â€Å"communities† of people who share common interests through message boards, chat rooms, and electronic mailing lists (Wilmott 106). At present, the Internet is the ultimate demonstration of the first amendment: free speech. Here is a place where people can speak their mind without being punished for what they say or how they choose to say it. The Internet owes its incredible worldwide success to its protection of free speech, not only in America, but also in countries where freedom of speech is not guaranteed. For some, it is the only place where they can speak their mind without fear of political or religious persecution (â€Å"Cyberchaos†). The Net is also one of America's most valuable types of technology; scientists use email for quick and easy communication. They post their current scientific discoveries on online newsgroups so other scientists in the same field of study all over the world can know in minutes.

Equal Opportunities for Disabled Americans :: Research Papers

Equal Opportunities for Disabled Americans Life for the disabled can be difficult physically, emotionally, and financially. Donley Jones talked about his hardships as a disabled American worker in a personal interview on November 25, 2004. However, there have been several legislative changes in the United States, which have put forth the opportunities that many poverty and lower level families have needed to move to higher grounds financially. Cleaver states that there have been many laws and acts put forth by congress to make this move easier for disabled Americans. Donley, a 37 year old janitor at the Johnson City Mall, is legally blind. Donley talks of the prejudices that left him and his family in poverty. He talks of his struggle to provide for his family and how hard it was to get out of poverty. Donley remembers not knowing how he would ever be able to provide opportunities for his children, such as putting them through college, with his income. Donley tells of how he believes the government had a lot to do with his ab ility to move his family out of poverty. The Disabilities Discrimination act of 1995 came into effect on December 2, 1996 (Lockwood 1). Lockwood tells of how this act provided equal opportunities in the work force for disabled Americans . The Act states that to be covered under the act, a person must have a physical or mental impairment, such as but not limited to loss of eyesight, which lasts at least one year (Lockwood 2). Lockwood’s article also states that the impairment must burden daily activities or put the person in risks of danger The law states that the employer may be required to make certain adjustments for disabled people to be employed. Lockwood stresses how important it is for employers not to discriminate against disabled workers. The employer will be committing discrimination, says Lock wood, if he or she refuses to hire treats a disabled person different than the way he or she would treat a person with out a disability. Section 6 of the Act states that an employer must make necessary changes to the work place (Lockwood 2). According to Lockwood these changes must make give disabled employees the same advantages they would have if they were not disabled. If a person feels they are being discriminated against they can file a lawsuit (Lockwood 5). Lockwood tells of several of the lawsuits have been filed since the act since the act took effect.

Confessions of a Female Chauvinist Sow Essay

Anne Roiphe’s â€Å"Confessions of a Female Chauvinist Sow† first appeared in the magazine New York in 1972. In this essay Roiphe aims to convince her readers that women must put faith in the idea that they are equal to men, not superior. â€Å"Women who want equality must be prepared to give it and believe in it . . . .† Personal anecdotes, contrast, and comparison are techniques Roiphe skillfully uses to create a strong, convincing essay. Roiphe begins her essay with a personal anecdote describing the â€Å"horrifying† realization that she married a man exactly like her father. This technique immediately establishes the essay as informal and personal. It is a great way to capture the reader’s interest. Also, this particular anecdote is used as background information for the first point Roiphe makes in the following paragraph—that â€Å". . . people . . . have at one time or another been fouled up by their childhood experiences. † Another anecdote in the essay explains how Roiphe’s mother used to give Roiphe â€Å"mad money† before going on dates. â€Å"My mother and I knew young men were apt to drink too much . . . † and â€Å"mad money was for getting home on your own, no matter what form of insanity your date happened to evidence. † Anecdotes such as this are entertaining and tend to lighten the mood of the essay. Also, it is quite easy for readers to relate to personal experience. Another function of anecdotes in this essay is to substantiate and support main ideas. At the end of one paragraph Roiphe states, â€Å"The hidden anti-male feelings, a result of the old system, will foul us up if they are allowed to persist. † This is directly followed by the anecdote explaining the necessity for â€Å"mad money†Ã¢â‚¬â€that men are untrustworthy, inconsiderate beasts. The anecdote clearly provides evidence and support for the fact that women have anti-male feelings. Shortly after capturing the reader’s interest with the introductory anecdote, Roiphe begins using contrast. The numerous examples of contrast throughout the essay portray men and women as being drastically different, especially morally. Boys are thought to be incapable of engaging in â€Å". . . easy companionship . . . † as girls are able to do, and men are generally believed to be â€Å". . . less moral . . . † than women. â€Å"Everyone assumes a mother will not let her child starve, yet it is necessary to legislate that a father must not do so. † Roiphe uses contrast to illustrate the common anti-male attitudes women have, and in doing so, makes it obvious that women feel superior to men. This exactly, Roiphe points out, is the barrier to equality between men and women. It is clear to the reader that equality between the sexes will never exist as long as women continue to feel superior to men. The contrasts also function to support points Roiphe makes later concerning the similarities between men and women. About midway through the essay, Roiphe makes a transition from contrast to comparison. She begins focusing on the idea that women are actually quite similar to men. She bluntly states, â€Å"Intellectually I know that’s ridiculous . . . † to assume â€Å". . . that women given power would not create wars. † She admits, â€Å"Aggression is not . . . a male-sex-linked characteristic . . . .† Comparisons such as these smoothly lead Roiphe into making one of her strongest comparisons—that â€Å". . . us laughing at them, us feeling superior to them, us ridiculing them behind their backs . . . † is â€Å". . . inescapably female chauvinist sowness. † These comparisons, particularly the last one, are shocking and cause the reader to reflect on previous ideas in the essay. Roiphe’s statement, â€Å". . . what they have done to us, and of course they have, and they did and they are . . . ,† momentarily makes readers believe that men are mainly to blame for the inequality between the sexes. However, through effective comparison Roiphe leads her readers to logically infer that women must also be responsible for the inequality between men and women. It then becomes clear to the reader that the â€Å". . . secret sense of superiority . . . † women feel is what makes them equally as chauvinistic as men. More important than the functions of the techniques she uses independently is how Roiphe uses them together. For example, had she bluntly stated early in her essay that women are â€Å"female chauvinist sows,† without preceding it with contrast, a quite different effect would have been created. Her readers, particularly the women, would have undoubtedly been offended. This approach would certainly have prevented the essay from being convincing. It is obvious that Roiphe purposely used the techniques in a planned way. This allowed her to create a specifically designed essay that was beneficial in helping her present her ideas.

Density Lab Report

Density is defined by its mass per unit volume, and is most often written in mathematical terms as; d = m / vMass is usually given in grams, g, and volume is given in cubic centimeters, g/cm3, or, grams per milliliter, g/mL. Density is not a property that depends upon the amount of substance present. For example, one gram of lead and one ton of lead have the same density. Density also does depend on temperature. For instance cold water is denser than warm water; ice is less dense than both. The method used for determining the density of a substance depends on the nature of the substance. In this lab the densities of unknown irregularly shaped solids and liquids was determined.Accuracy and precision of the results will be estimated, and attention will be paid to the correct use of the significant figures. The experiment approach that will be used will tell the mass and volume of the metal and liquid determined by measuring these two quantities with a graduated cylinder and biuret. Pro cedure:a) The density of metalsFirst I obtained a quantity of unknown metal. Recording the unknown number. I used only one type of metal for this part of the experiment.The unknown metal that I was instructed to use was a chunk, therefore, I used a 50ml graduated cylinder. When using the 50ml cylinder, I filled it with water to approximately the 35ml mark. Then recorded the exact volume of water that was added. I placed the cylinder and water on the balance and recorded the mass to every 0.1g. I added the metal to the graduated cylinder until the water level increased by approximately 2.0ml. Being sure to tap the sides of the cylinder to release any air bubbles. I then recorded the volume of the water plus metal to the nearest 0.1mL.Then recorded the total mass of the cylinder, water and metal. I added more pieces of metal to the cylinder until the water level had increased by 2.5ml. Then I recorded the exact volume of water plus metal and total mass of cylinder, water and metal. I repeated the procedure twice more. Being careful not to go over the 50ml mark. And recording the data each time.Calculations:I determined the total volume of metal in the cylinder by subtracting the volume of water from the volume of water plus metal. Then found the corresponding mass of metal by subtracting the mass of the cylinder and water from the mass of the cylinder, water and metal. I plotted out the graph showing the total mass of metal on the y-axis, and the volume on the x-axis. I found the slope of the line by taking two random points from the graph, performing the slope formula and finding the density. From the table provided, I identified the unknown metal to be silver.b). Determining the density of a water/ethanol mixture.I obtained an unknown solution from the instructor. Then recorded the number of the solution.Then I rinsed a buret with a little of the ethanol solution, and filled the buret with that same solution. I read the buret level to the nearest 0.05ml. Then weighed an empty 250ml Erlenmeyer flask. I turned the knob of the buret and put approximately 23.4ml of solution into the flask. I read the buret again, to 0.05ml and recorded.Next I weighed the flask and its contents, by placing the flask on the balance and recording the temperature of the solution. I then determined the density of the solution by taking the mass of solution and dividing it by the volume of solution. Repeating the procedure twice more using a clean flask and the same balance each time.Calculations:For each of the three trials I calculated the density of the solution and determined the mean, average deviation from the mean, percent precision and the range. I then drew a calibration curve from the data given on page 17 of my Laboratory Manual.Discussion:Based on the value of my density, and based on the literature values given on page 16 of my Laboratory Manual, the unknown metal is silver. The density I had obtained from the slope of the graph was 9.09g/mL. I then c ompared my density to the chart given, looking for a similar density. The density of my unknown metal was not exact with a particular metal given in  the chart, but I kept in mind that the density of silver can vary depending of the state it is in.Error Analysis:The possible sources of error in finding the density of the unknown metal and liquid would have to be my consistency throughout the experiment. I had approximated with my bare eye and was not consistently exact. Therefore, there was an inaccuracy in reading the volume displaced from the graduated cylinder and the biuret.

Emotional Labour Essay

This report investigates the shop manners and training offered to the floor sales staff at Next compared to that of those who work in the stock room. I would like to know how each environment affects the workers emotions. I think it’s an important question to ask because the people that work on the shop floor are constantly in contact with customers. It could be said that those that work in the stock room are not part of the stage setting and are more like the stage crew who work behind the scenes. I think it is important then to first address what emotion is. â€Å"Emotion theory is centred on the relationship of the person and its environment† (Lazarus, 1991 p40). This has implications on the question that I am posing as the stockroom workers interact in a different environment to their colleagues on the shop floor. There are two fundamental viewpoints to emotion the organismic and interactionalist viewpoint. The organismic model developing from the work of Charles Darwin, William James and early Sigmund Freud, â€Å"Defines emotion mainly as a biological process. For Freud emotion affect is libidinal discharge, for Darwin it’s instinct and for James it’s the perception of a psychological process† (Hochschild, 1983 p205) This leads organismic theorists to believe that there is a basic similarity of emotion across categories of people (Hochschild, 1983). The organismic model brings us to an elicitation-expression model (Hochschild, 1983) Interactionists believe emotion always involves a biological component but adds more points to social factors, which are present before, after and during the experience of emotion. For example why does a customer become violent when refused a refund, what in their cultural environment constitutes their response? If we conceptualise emotion as instinctive we will ignore questions about social entry. (Hochschild, 1983) â€Å"Emotions are experienced by individuals and through intention or inadvertent communication may be deduced by others who are observing†. (Lazarus, 1991 p40) Emotions can be a valuable source of information in determining how people are getting along. However, surface acting can disguise true emotion so you must be wary when reading emotions. â€Å"Society and biological inheritance creates a pattern of behaviour that shape emotion and expressions of the individual† (Lazarus, 1991 p40). I believe this statement relates to the way that shop assistants and customers are expected to behave. As you will see the training offered to the sales staff shows members of the work force how to act in a socially excepted way which is common practice in all chain stores. In a shopping environment how other people feel is a huge factor as to whether they buy something or not. Sales staff to some extent can influence this. I believe that for a customer to feel ‘at home’ in a shop the sales staff need to be friendly and approachable whereby you feel even if you haven’t bought any thing this time you are welcome back again. I think that this is the key to the success of stores like Next and Marks and Spencer’s where staffs have the correct shop manners to keep the customers coming back. From interviews undertaken with staff at Next I have uncovered strict guidelines in training which each new member of staff has to go through. (I will discuss this and whether I think it is appropriate later.) Drawing on my own experience, I have worked in what you would call a ‘downmarket’ clothes store and no training of shop manners was offered to me. It was my first proper job so I did feel as if I was being thrown in at the deep end. However, the shop was very small and my C.V. demonstrated that I had good people skills as I had worked on a market stall at the weekends and holidays. I assume that management didn’t feel the need to train me in what they thought should be the obvious way to behave towards customers. After speaking to senior sales staff at next and sponsors, these are longer standing members of staff who train new staff using the guidelines (see Appendix), I have gathered that management wish the customer to feel that they are the most important thing and that their shopping experience is being made easier by the staff. Next seem to have thought out its training program very clearly and assigns specific amounts of time to each activity. This helps to give the impression that training is viewed as an important part of the job. I think that Next places emphasis on its training as it is a chain store and it often directs customers to local stores if the stock isn’t available at the branch at which they are visiting, this calls for a sense of conformity between stores. I evaluated the training sessions which, are appropriate to the questions I am asking, by interviewing staff on how appropriate each session is, how achievable are the actions set out and how they affect emotions. The overall reaction that I had from staff was that they felt the training to be very obvious and many sponsors admitted to skipping through the training as quickly as possible because of this fact. Sponsors felt that by training staff with this obvious manner of behaviour was assuming that the trainee was, when prompted by myself, emotionally incapable of selecting the correct emotions for the customer situation. Training session 1 (Appendix Shop Manners). The trainee is told to be aware and not to get tied down in tasks when I asked staff about the reality of this they said they found it very annoying to be approached by customers when doing a job and often resented customers for ‘bothering’ them. However, this is where surface acting comes into play the employee hides what they feel and pretends what they don’t (Hochschild, 1983). The action is in the body language, for example the put on smile and sweet voice as it is for the people observed by Erving Goffman (cited in Hochschild, 1983 p35). The employee has to think back to their training to pick the right body language. A typical scenario: Now interrupted from a task possibly holding a huge pile of stock in their hand the employees are given a strict formula to follow, eye contact, a smile, appropriate greeting and to be friendly and sincere. This is a hard task when obviously it is inappropriate for the customer to target them and often there is another member of staff nearby doing nothing. However, the surface acting must continue as the corporate motto of â€Å"The customer always comes first† is relayed in your mind, plus I don’t want to lose my job if they complain to head office. Company control also works along who fears whom. As with flight attendants the fear hierarchy works indirectly through customers complaining, to head office (Hochschild, 1983). This type of scenario links with the question posed by Hochschild (1983 p89) that when feelings are set by management and where workers have weaker rights to courtesy then consumers do, when deep and surface acting are forms of labour to be sold what happens to the way a person relates to her feelings or to her face? Employees said that when they were the customers they were more aware of the shop assistants emotions and tried to be more courteous. However, they may just feel as though they do this because they wish that people would do this for them. I do believe that this statement does have some truth but surely when the stage setting is different, when they are the customer and not the ‘server’ they assume the actions of the customer. As on the stage as in life the person is the locus of the acting process. But when an institution is involved various acting elements are taken away from the individual and replaced by institutional mechanisms. In this case the fact that the customer comes first. â€Å"The locus of acting, of emotional management, moves to the level of the institution†. (Hochschild 1983 p49) The people are arranged according to institutional custom and the workers surface act in institutionally approved ways. Training Session 2 (Appendix In-Store Security) This training session makes shop assistants conscious of the need to be aware and the need for acknowledgement of the customers. You can use your training of greeting the customer in a functional way, to help reduce the comfort of shoplifters who are always aware of who is watching them. Senior staff said that it gets easier to spot thieves with practice; you get to learn their tricks of diverting your attention. Even though you have to be suspicious of certain customers you must always remember your training and be polite even if you feel that they are up to no good. Training Session 3 (Appendix Stockroom) As you can see none of the training here is connected to personal conduct, it doesn’t attempt to tell you how to act where as the shop floor assistants are told to be friendly, sincere, polite, confident and have a smile. They are even told that conversations must be work related. When questioned on the reality of this last statement floor staff said they do have non-work related conversations but they are of a toned down nature to the way they would speak in private. When I asked the stockroom workers about their conversations they said that if they were in a situation to have a conversation it would be more animated then if having it on the shop floor as they are not ‘in public’. Training Session 12 (Appendix Till Service) Customer interaction is crucial at the till point. Again the trainee is told how to act, to be sincere and polite. I asked staff how easy it was to do this. A typical scenario: It’s a very busy Saturday and all the tills are in operation when greeted by the customer with comments such as â€Å"I have been waiting ever such a long time, you know† and the like, it is difficult to be sincere and polite as there is nothing the staff can do to make the queue go any quicker. The staff member surface acts with her painted on smile and polite apologies. In the training suggestions of possible conversation are complimenting customers on their choice of purchase. Till operators said they tended to deep act in this case, only saying it if they meant it. Deep acting is a natural result of working on feeling expression is spontaneous (Hochschild 1983). As the Russian director Constantin Stanivlaski puts it a real feeling that has been self-induced (cited in Hochschild 1983 p35). The refund and exchange policy is an important part of training because it is the most likely time for customer conflict. The staff member is instructed to treat the customer in the same way as they would if they were making a purchase, this is easy if the customer has a receipt or is a well-known customer. But if the customer doesn’t have a receipt it makes it harder in some cases because you have the suspicion that the customer may have stolen the garment. In this situation the staff member is advised that the best thing to do is get a manager. As formal rules that prop up an institution set limits to the emotional possibilities that staff have to feel (Hochschild 1983). The point that demonstrates this is the manager gets paid more then a shop assistant because their pay package covers them for the emotional insults, which they may receive from refusing to give a customer a refund. I asked the managers how they dealt with abusive behaviour from customers. Managers gain the experience for dealing with inconvenient customers and they assured me that it gets easier as time goes on. â€Å"You have to detach what you are feeling from the situation and not let your own anger, or in some extreme cases fear get in the way†. (Appendix Initial Training Requirement Chart) This gives a summary of all the training offered to the different roles at Next. As you can see all staff members that are present on the shop floor, for any point of their shift, the number one training session is shop manners. This is not part of the stockroom workers training. (Appendix Sponsors Guidelines- 6.Performance Assessment Standards) This table demonstrates that all staff working on floor cover, fitting room, till service or replenishment are those that could possibly come into contact with customers. It demonstrates that shop floor staff members are assessed on their ability to smile and make eye contact with the customer and to be aware of shoppers. Stockroom staff members, on the other hand, are assessed solely on their physical, rather then any emotional objectives. Are our feelings really our own? From the research obtained in this report it is clear to see that the staff working on the shop floor are shown ‘how to act’ where as in the stock room it’s much more ‘natural emotion’. Institutional practice shapes the way in which shop floor workers are expected to behave. What makes some individuals prefer to work in the stock room compared to the shop floor? I asked the stockroom workers why they liked to work in the stockroom. I received comments such as. â€Å"You can be more yourself as you don’t have to work in uniform†. I think that management enforce a strict smart dress policy on shop floor workers to help them get into the role, which they have to play; it is part of the act. â€Å"In the stockroom you don’t have to interact with customers†. Some of the stockroom staff said the horror stories they have heard about customers puts them off working on the shop floor. As customers seem to be oblivious to the feelings of shop floor workers and assume that they are there just to serve them. â€Å"The stockroom has quite a different atmosphere to the shop floor it is more relaxed, you often get shop floor sales staff coming in for a ‘break’ from the hustle and bustle of the shop floor†. The stockroom workers said that on many occasions sales staff come in and tell them about incidents with customers that have just happened. This helps the member of staff to calm down, as the stockroom member often is able to bring them to ‘reality’ and point out that it is only a customer and not to get wound up. In the surroundings of the back office the sales floor worker is able to put the situation in context of life and go back to the ‘act’ moments later. Does personality have something to do with whether you like working in the stockroom or the shop floor? From observation and asking the floor staff it seems to me that the quieter people work in the stock room. When I questioned staff members on why they enjoyed working in the stock room I deduced they don’t feel the need to be on the stage acting, to them it is false they would rather be left to their own devices. I asked the floor staff whether they minded working in the stockroom as sometimes staff shortages calls for this. They said they didn’t mind but preferred the interaction and liveliness of the shop floor this corresponds with previous research, which shows emotional labourers like contact with the customer. Even though customers can be very unpleasant. (MG2076 starter pack: The Survey). Sales floor staff said they wished they could work in the stockroom on days when they were feeling ‘under the weather’ as the need to act in the corporate superficial way was much harder because their true emotions were harder to suppress. On days when everything is going well staff said it was a pleasure to help customers that are appreciative of their service but a customer who feels it is their right to be served can bring an end to that. This suggests that workers feelings are not their own and shop assistants surface act from day to day. I would like to investigate status and gender differences to see whether men or women are better equipped at working in either environment. â€Å"Is emotion work as important for men as it is for women?† (Hochschild, 1983 p 162) Hochschild believes it is not. Due to firstly lacking other resources women make a resource out of feeling. Secondly, each gender is called on to do different kinds of work, which Hochschild believes to be down to â€Å"different childhood training of the heart that is given to girls and boys† (Hochschild, 1983 p163). I think this gender separation at work is becoming less apparent as equal rights laws are being enforced and changing attitudes of society. At Next there is equality in the work place with men and women being treated equally with both being given the same responsibility. Thirdly, â€Å"the general subordination of women† leaves them more open to abuse. For example, a customer was being very rude to the floor manager on childrensware due to the fact that she refused to give the man a refund, because the garment had obviously been worn. The customer became very rude and abusive, which he thought would give him some hold over the woman. The female manager was about to give in to the customer when the shop manager, a man, noticed the disturbance and came over to assist his colleague. He refused to give the man a refund. I believe that as a man the shop manager saw the customer as a mere man and stood by the initial reaction of the female manager. The customer more intimidated by the act of the shop manager gave in very quickly and left the shop threatening â€Å"I will let head office know about this.† The manager was not browbeaten by this comment, as he knew the customer didn’t have a leg to stand on. This situation also lends itself to the fact that † a different proportion of the managed heart is enlisted for commercial use.† (Hochschild, 1983 p163-164) Women make defensive use of their beauty, charm and relational skills, which due to commercial exploitation can lead them to become estranged from these capacities. For male workers it is more their ability to wield anger and make threats that is used by the company and so this the capacity which they are likely to feel estranged from. (Hochschild 1983) Conclusion Each environment has an impact on the workers emotions. The sales floor is where surface acting takes place throughout most of the working day. The stockroom is a place where deep acting is given more of a chance to occur due to the fact that the company don’t suppose emotions upon its workers here. I think the training offered by Next is appropriate as it is what is institutionally expected by society. It is achievable by staff to act this way, as this is what they are getting paid to do. I think it does affect workers emotions being trained how to act because it must be hard to switch off at the end of the day. Eventually it must become instinctive to act in a socially expected way and it must become harder for staff members to express their true emotions when not at work.    Bibliography * Hochschild, A. R. (1983) The Managed Heart; the commercialisation of human feeling California: University of California Press. * Lazarus, R. S. (1994) Emotion and Adaptation New York: Oxford University Press * MG2076s Starter Pack MG 2076 Louise Goldstein

Callaway Golf Company- Manufacturing Inventory

Answers to Case 6: Callaway Golf Company-Manufacturing Inventory. a. The costs expected to be in the raw materials inventory are: costs of materials such as wood, iron, plastic and/or optic fiber that have yet to be placed in production. The costs expected to be in the work in process inventory are the cost of materials placed in production plus the labor and allocated overhead utilized so far. The costs expected to be in the finish goods inventory are the materials, labor and allocated overhead incurred to make the finished products on hand. b.Inventories are net of an estimated allowance for obsolete or unmarketable inventory. c. i. The Reserve for obsolete inventories’ account does not appear on Callaway’s financial statements because it has already been subtracted off the inventory account. The gross amount of inventory at the end of 2006 is $247,795. 00, and at the end of 2007 is $232,872. 00 Of the $20,129. 00 of reserve for obsolete inventory, $6,537. 90, is attr ibutable to raw materials inventory, 154. 99 is attributable to work-in-process inventory, and $13,436. 11 to finished goods inventory. d.JE to record activity in reserve for obsolete inventory during 2007 (in thousands) Cost of Sales$ 12,182. 00 Provision for obsolete inventory12,182. 00 Provision for obsolete inventory 9,368. 00 Inventory 9,368. 00 e. i. The cost of finished goods sold in 2007 was $619,186. 00 The cost of finished goods transferred from work-in-process in 2007 was$247,109 iii. The cost of raw materials transferred to work-in-process in 2007 was $90,982. 00 The cost of raw materials purchased during 2007 was $87,369. 00 v. The amount of cash disbursed for raw-material purchases during 2007 was $54,350. 00. ($95,297. 00-$40,947. 00) Read also: Advantages and Disadvantages of Administrative Management

Analysis of the asia pacific airline industry

Analysis of the asia pacific airline industry There are many industries that the world has come to heavily rely on as globalization has become more widespread. The idea of national and continental boundaries being a limitation has gradually been overtaken by the innovations of mankind over the past few decades. The inventor of the airplane; Orville Wright is quoted as saying in 1908; â€Å"No airship will ever fly from New York to Paris.  That seems to me to be impossibleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the airship will always be a special messenger, never a load-carrier† (Smithsonian Education, 2010). What he could not have imagined was that a century later his invention would be at the centre of the globalisation movement taking place and that the airplanes would be the core of an industry which directly facilitates economic growth, world trade, international investment and tourism (Doganis, 2000). The International Air Transport Association (IATA) forecasts international air travel to grow by an average of 6.6% a year to the end of t he decade and over 5% a year from 2000 to 2010 (Stanford University; 2010). These rates correlate with the levels of profitability that have been noted over the past five years as illustrated in Figure-1, showing that the level of profitability in the industry has been steadily growing over the past 5 years. Figure-1: IATA, 2010 The Asia Pacific Airline Industry The most dynamic growth is centred on the Asia Pacific region, where fast-growing trade and investment are coupled with rising domestic prosperity. Home to more than 4 billion people and driven by two of the largest dynamic economies; India and China, the Asia-Pacific region carries more than 25% of global passenger traffic annually (IATA Annual Report, 2010). According to IATA CEO Giovanni Bisignani, as of April 2010 the Asia Pacific region was deemed to be the world’s largest aviation market (IATA Annual Report 2010). High rates of economic growth in the emerging markets within the Asia Pacific have led to the rapid expansion of aviation industries serving Asia and The Pacific (Sumner et al. 1995). The Asia Pacific airline industry witnessed a boom in the 1990’s that can only be termed as remarkable especially when compared to the performance of other airline markets such as the USA and Europe (Sumner et al. 1995). The dynamic nature of this region places it as an area of economic interest and analysis. This paper will give an economic analysis which will present arguments of how the airline industry functions and the plausible economic justifications for the massive growth that has been seen in the Asia Pacific airline industry. To present a concise analysis we will focus on three major commercial airlines in the region namely; Cathay Pacific, Singapore Airlines and All Nippon Airways as well as three market leaders in the Low Cost Carriers Sector (LCCs) namely; Cebu Pacific Air, Tiger Airways and Air Asia. 2. Asia Pacific Airline Industry: A Competitive Analysis Airline services categ orized as low cost carriers or LCC’s emerged in the airline industry in the South-East Asia region following deregulation in the early 2000’s and Air Asia pioneered low cost travelling (Arifin et al. 2010). Arifin et al. (2010) further highlight that as the number of LCC’s has grown; these airlines have begun to compete with one another in addition to the full service airlines. A competitive analysis of the Asia Pacific airline industry is therefore two-fold; firstly analysis on the basis of the competition between LCC’s themselves and secondly between LCC’s and full service airlines.

Completing the wheel Assingment 8 & 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Completing the wheel Assingment 8 & 9 - Essay Example 5. Dittmar fears talking in front of people. He says: â€Å"To deal with this challenge, I --- either through a case of sheer brilliance or stupidity --- placed myself in front of a group of teenagers to teach high school English† (Dittmar 86). 6. I like the statements: â€Å"We all are blacksmiths in our own lives. How well we use the hammer and the anvil will determine how well we grow as individuals† (Dittmar 85). I like these statements because they basically wrap up the whole idea of the chapter. We are the masters of our lives and everything we get comes from every decision we make. 8. Fear results in us choosing to stay within our comfort zones, refusing to pursue the opportunities that lay before us. Fear will hold us back from re-inventing ourselves and creating a better â€Å"us.† 10. We can only expand ourselves through the process of â€Å"realization of self and the joy of expressing the quintessential part of who you [we] are† (Dittmar 87), and this can be achieved only by going through fire. 11. The qualities we need to develop to keep wheels moving with evenness are â€Å"curiosity, flexibility, self-reliance, persistence, imagination, risk orientation, ability to focus, and openness to new experiences† (Dittmar 96). 12. According to Dittmar, curiosity is important because it provides the continuous thrill and excitement of discovering new things in life. It prevents life from appearing stale and boring, and keeps the freshness of discovery alive. 13. The main quality that Dittmar developed to go from being a high school dropout to receiving a college degree is curiosity. He says: â€Å"I was just so curious about things† (Dittmar 98). He never planned what to do with it nor have grand dreams on the possibilities after achieving it. He was merely curious on perhaps what this will offer him after. 14. Flexibility is important to our development because it allows us to â€Å"notice

Key concepts in science -see tasks attached Essay

Key concepts in science -see tasks attached - Essay Example Therefore, there was a need to have standard units of measurement to be used conventionally, especially that the world is becoming global. In a global village there is need of communication across-cultures for ease of communication in commerce and science, the driving engines of globalization. This means that there was need to harmonize units of measurement to enable coordination between the different disciplines in the world (Barry 797). This metric system is useful in several ways. It gives a standardized way of making measurements (using standardized units of measurement globally). It bring together various organization on the international scene to forge a common definitions for SI and set rules that govern writing and presentation of measurement in a universally accepted standard way. As already mentioned this development eases coordination between the several disciplines especially in commerce and science. Other advantages of the SI units include: global adoption (they have been adopted globally) and provides a universal framework for developments and research in measurements. In this system a power tong assembly in which a safety latch mechanism consists of a power portion equipped with two side connections of outlet, one that is linked to a control portion for controlling the cross section opening of the side connection of the tank. The power portion has a control element within the kind of a piston-shaped body value with equal magnitude surfaces on both subject end faces to the working medium pressure and with an opening running in the valve body movement direction. This opening has a conical expansion of its end of inlet flow. This blocks the direct link of the supply with tank return. Pressure and force interaction can be observed in the description of this system. In one type of control a lever valve within the unit is put